| Afghanistan | Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages |
| Albania | Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek |
| Algeria | Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects |
| Andorra | Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese |
| Angola | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages |
| Antigua and Barbuda | English (official), local dialects |
| Argentina | Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French |
| Armenia | Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian |
| Australia | English 79%, native and other languages |
| Austria | German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region) |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) |
| Bahamas | English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) |
| Bahrain | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
| Bangladesh | Bangla (official), English |
| Barbados | English |
| Belarus | Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other |
| Belgium | Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official) |
| Belize | English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole |
| Benin | French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages |
| Bhutan | Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese) |
| Bolivia | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
| Botswana | English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001) |
| Brazil | Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French |
| Brunei | Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4% |
| Burkina Faso | French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90% |
| Burundi | Kirundi and French (official), Swahili |
| Cambodia | Khmer 95% (official), French, English |
| Cameroon | French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups |
| Canada | English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5% |
| Cape Verde | Portuguese, Criuolo |
| Central African Republic | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages |
| Chad | French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects |
| Chile | Spanish |
| China | Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages |
| Colombia | Spanish |
| Comoros | Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend) |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba |
| Congo, Republic of | French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects |
| Costa Rica | Spanish (official), English |
| Côte d'Ivoire | French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.) |
| Croatia | Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German) |
| Cuba | Spanish |
| Cyprus | Greek, Turkish (both official); English |
| Czech Republic | Czech |
| Denmark | Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language |
| Djibouti | French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar |
| Dominica | English (official) and French patois |
| Dominican Republic | Spanish |
| East Timor | Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak |
| Ecuador | Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages |
| Egypt | Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes |
| El Salvador | Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) |
| Equatorial Guinea | Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo |
| Eritrea | Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages |
| Estonia | Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000) |
| Ethiopia | Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others |
| Fiji | English (official), Fijian, Hindustani |
| Finland | Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities |
| France | French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) |
| Gabon | French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi |
| Gambia | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous |
| Georgia | Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia) |
| Germany | German |
| Ghana | English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) |
| Greece | Greek 99% (official), English, French |
| Grenada | English (official), French patois |
| Guatemala | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
| Guinea | French (official), native tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani) |
| Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages |
| Guyana | English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu |
| Haiti | Creole and French (both official) |
| Honduras | Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business |
| Hungary | Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6% |
| Iceland | Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken |
| India | Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects |
| Indonesia | Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects |
| Iran | Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% |
| Iraq | Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian |
| Ireland | English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official) |
| Israel | Hebrew (official), Arabic, English |
| Italy | Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities |
| Jamaica | English, Jamaican Creole |
| Japan | Japanese |
| Jordan | Arabic (official), English |
| Kazakhstan | Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.) |
| Kenya | English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages |
| Kiribati | English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese) |
| Korea, North | Korean |
| Korea, South | Korean, English widely taught |
| Kuwait | Arabic (official), English |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz, Russian (both official) |
| Laos | Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages |
| Latvia | Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000) |
| Lebanon | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
| Lesotho | English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa |
| Liberia | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages |
| Libya | Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities |
| Liechtenstein | German (official), Alemannic dialect |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001) |
| Luxembourg | Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative) |
| Macedonia | Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002) |
| Madagascar | Malagasy and French (both official) |
| Malawi | Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998) |
| Malaysia | Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia |
| Maldives | Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials |
| Mali | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages |
| Malta | Maltese and English (both official) |
| Marshall Islands | Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese |
| Mauritania | Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof |
| Mauritius | English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000) |
| Mexico | Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages |
| Micronesia | English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi |
| Moldova | Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
| Monaco | French (official), English, Italian, Monégasque |
| Mongolia | Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999) |
| Montenegro | Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect—official) |
| Morocco | Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy |
| Mozambique | Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997) |
| Myanmar | Burmese, minority languages |
| Namibia | English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama |
| Nauru | Nauruan (official), English |
| Nepal | Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001) |
| Netherlands | Dutch, Frisian (both official) |
| New Zealand | English, Maori (both official) |
| Nicaragua | Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995) |
| Niger | French (official), Hausa, Djerma |
| Nigeria | English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others |
| Norway | Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities) |
| Oman | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects |
| Pakistan | Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8% |
| Palau | Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000) |
| Palestinian State (proposed) | Arabic, Hebrew, English |
| Panama | Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual |
| Papua New Guinea | Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%–2%; 715 indigenous languages |
| Paraguay | Spanish, Guaraní (both official) |
| Peru | Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages |
| Philippines | Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense |
| Poland | Polish 98% (2002) |
| Portugal | Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) |
| Qatar | Arabic (official); English a common second language |
| Romania | Romanian (official), Hungarian, German |
| Russia | Russian, others |
| Rwanda | Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | English |
| St. Lucia | English (official), French patois |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | English, French patois |
| Samoa | Samoan, English |
| San Marino | Italian |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Portuguese (official) |
| Saudi Arabia | Arabic |
| Senegal | French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka |
| Serbia | Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo) |
| Seychelles | Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002) |
| Sierra Leone | English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca) |
| Singapore | Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000) |
| Slovakia | Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001) |
| Slovenia | Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002) |
| Solomon Islands | English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages |
| Somalia | Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian |
| South Africa | IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001) |
| Spain | Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally) |
| Sri Lanka | Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10% |
| Sudan | Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English |
| Suriname | Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese |
| Swaziland | English, siSwati (both official) |
| Sweden | Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
| Switzerland | German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national) |
| Syria | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
| Taiwan | Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects |
| Tajikistan | Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
| Tanzania | Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages |
| Thailand | Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects |
| Togo | French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects |
| Tonga | Tongan (an Austronesian language), English |
| Trinidad and Tobago | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
| Tunisia | Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce) |
| Turkey | Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
| Tuvalu | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) |
| Uganda | English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian |
| United Arab Emirates | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu |
| United Kingdom | English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic |
| United States | English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000) |
| Uruguay | Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero |
| Uzbekistan | Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% |
| Vanuatu | Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73% |
| Vatican City (Holy See) | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
| Venezuela | Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
| Western Sahara (proposed state) | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
| Yemen | Arabic |
| Zambia | English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages |
| Zimbabwe | English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects |
sources: factmonster
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