Sunday, June 29, 2008

Ethnicity and Race by Countries -Etnik & Bangsa setiap Negara

Afghanistan Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimaks 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, others 4%
Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.)
Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
Andorra Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Antigua and Barbuda black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Argentina white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%; mestizo, Amerindian, other 3%
Armenia Armenian 97.9%, Russian 0.5%, Kurds 1.3%, other 0.3% (2001)
Australia Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
Austria Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001)
Azerbaijan Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999). Note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region
Bahamas black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Bahrain Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001)
Bangladesh Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Barbados black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
Belarus Belorussian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999)
Belgium Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belize mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%
Benin African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500
Bhutan Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Bolivia Quechua 30%, mestizo 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000)
Botswana Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other (including Kgalagadi and white) 7%
Brazil white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000)
Brunei Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Bulgaria Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) 2% (2001)
Burkina Faso Mossi (over 40%), Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani
Burundi Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%
Cambodia Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Cameroon Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwest Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Canada British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, indigenous Indian and Inuit 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%
Cape Verde Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Central African Republic Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Chad 200 distinct groups. North and center, mostly Muslim: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba. South, mostly Christian or animist: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa
Chile white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
China Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Colombia mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
Comoros Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of the With over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes—Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic)—make up about 45% of the population
Congo, Republic of Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%
Costa Rica white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%
Côte d'Ivoire Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques (Gur) 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
Croatia Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, Bosniak 0.5%, Hungarian 0.4%, Slovene 0.3%, Czech 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Albanian 0.1%, Montenegrin 0.1%, others 4.1% (2001)
Cuba mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
Cyprus Greek 77%, Turkish 18% (each concentrated almost exclusively in separate areas); other 5% (2001)
Czech Republic Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001)
Denmark Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
Djibouti Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Dominica black, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, Carib Amerindian
Dominican Republic white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
East Timor Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Ecuador mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
Egypt Egyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%
El Salvador mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%
Equatorial Guinea Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Río Muni (primarily Fang); less than 1,000 Europeans, mostly Spanish
Eritrea ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3%
Estonia Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belorussian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000)
Ethiopia Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Fiji Fijian 51%, Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998)
Finland Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Sami (Lapp) 0.1%, Roma 0.2%, Estonian 0.2%
France Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Southeast Asian, and Basque minorities
Gabon Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings: Fang, Punu, Nzeiby, Mbede (Obamba/Bateke); other Africans and Europeans 10.8%, including 0.8% French and 0.8% persons of dual nationality
Gambia African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Georgia Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002)
Germany German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, Italian 0.7%, Greek 0.4%, Polish 0.4%, other 4.6%
Ghana black African 98.5% (major tribes: Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
Greece Greek 98%, other 2%; note: the Greek government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
Grenada black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian
Guatemala Mestizo (Ladino)—mixed Amerindian-Spanish ancestry—and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001)
Guinea Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Susu 20%, smaller tribes 10%
Guinea-Bissau African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Guyana East Indian 50%; black 36%; Amerindian 7%; white, Chinese, and mixed 7%
Haiti black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Honduras mestizo 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%
Hungary Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001)
Iceland homogeneous mixture of Norse/Celtic descendants 94%, population of foreign origin 6%
India Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Indonesia Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%
Iran Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Iraq Arab 75%–80%, Kurdish 15%–20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%
Ireland Celtic, English
Israel Jewish 80.1% (Europe/Americas/Oceania-born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%, Africa-born 14.6%, Asia-born 12.6%), non-Jewish 19.9% (mostly Arab) (1996 est.)
Italy Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian- and Greek-Italians in the south)
Jamaica black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
Japan Japanese 99%; Korean, Chinese, Brazillian, Filipino, other 1% (2004)
Jordan Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Kazakhstan Kazak (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.4%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999)
Kenya Kikuyu 22%; Luhya 14%; Luo 13%; Kalenjin 12%; Kamba 11%; Kisii 6%; Meru 6%; other African 15%; Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Kiribati Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2%
Korea, North racially homogeneous; small Chinese community, a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, South homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Kuwait Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999)
Laos Lao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung (highland) including the Hmong (“Meo”) and the Yao (Mien) 9%, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1%
Latvia Latvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belorussian 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
Lebanon Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
Lesotho Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%
Liberia indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of former U.S. slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants of former Caribbean slaves)
Libya Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Liechtenstein Alemannic 86%; Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Lithuania Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6% (2001)
Luxembourg Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo), and European (guest and worker residents)
Macedonia Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.8%, Roma (Gypsy) 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002)
Madagascar Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Côtiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry: Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran
Malawi Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Malaysia Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)
Maldives South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Mali Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, Songhai 6%, other 5%
Malta Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Marshall Islands Micronesian
Mauritania mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%
Mauritius Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Mexico mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Moldova Moldavian/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%, Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3% (2004)
Monaco French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Mongolia Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (of which Kazak is the largest group) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Montenegro Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma) 12%
Morocco Arab-Berber 99.1%, Jewish 0.2%, other 0.7%
Mozambique indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Myanmar Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%
Namibia black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%. Note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Nauru Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Nepal Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Chetri 15.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001)
Netherlands Dutch 83%, other 17% (9% of non-Western origin, mainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)
New Zealand European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Pacific Islander 4.4%, Asian 5.7%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001)
Nicaragua mestizo 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%
Niger Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Nigeria More than 250 ethnic groups, including Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Ibo 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Norway Norwegian, Sami 20,000
Oman Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
Pakistan Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendants)
Palau Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures) 69.9%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%, Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.2% (2000)
Palestinian State (proposed) West Bank: Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%; Gaza Strip: Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
Panama mestizo 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Indian 6%
Papua New Guinea Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Paraguay mestizo 95%
Peru Amerindian 45%, mestizo 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Philippines Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000)
Poland Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belorussian 0.1% Ukrainian 0.1%, other 2.7% (2002)
Portugal homogeneous Mediterranean stock; less than 100,000 citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization; East Europeans have entered since 1990
Qatar Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Romania Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma (Gyspy) 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002)
Russia Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002)
Rwanda Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
St. Kitts and Nevis predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
St. Lucia black 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, white 1%
St. Vincent and the Grenadines black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 7%
Samoa Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
San Marino Sammarinese, Italian
São Tomé and Príncipe mestico (mixed European and native African), angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi Arabia Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Senegal Wolof 43.3%, Fulani 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Diola 3.7%, Mandingo 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Serbia Serb 66%, Albanian 17%, Hungarian 3.5%, other 13.5% (1991)
Seychelles mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%); Creole (Krio) 10%; refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Singapore Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000)
Slovakia Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001)
Slovenia Slovene 93.1%, Croat 1.8%, Serb 2%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2001)
Solomon Islands Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999)
Somalia Somali 85%, Bantu and others 15% (including Arabs 30,000)
South Africa black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001)
Spain composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri Lanka Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001)
Sudan black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Suriname East Indians (Hindustanis) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%, “Bush Negroes” (also known as Maroons) 10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
Swaziland African 97%, European 3%
Sweden indigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Switzerland German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
Syria Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
Taiwan Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
Tajikistan Tajik 79%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000)
Tanzania mainland: native African 99% (includes 95% Bantu, consisting of well over 100 tribes), Asian, European, and Arab 1%; Zanzibar: Arab, native African, mixed
Thailand Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Togo native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Tonga Polynesian, European
Trinidad and Tobago Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000)
Tunisia Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
Turkmenistan Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Tuvalu Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Uganda Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
Ukraine Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belorussian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001)
United Arab Emirates Emiri 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
United Kingdom English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%; Northern Irish 2.9%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001)
United States White: 211,460,626 (75.1%); Black: 34,658,190 (12.3%); Asian: 10,242,998 (3.6%); American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,475,956 (0.9%); Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 398,835 (0.1%); other race: 15,359,073 (5.5%); Hispanic origin:1 35,305,818 (12.5%)
Uruguay white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%
Uzbekistan Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazak 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Vanuatu Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999)
Vatican City (Holy See) Italian, Swiss, other
Venezuela Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Vietnam Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999)
Western Sahara (proposed state) Arab, Berber
Yemen predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
Zambia African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Zimbabwe African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%

sources: factmonster

Languages by Countries - Bahasa setiap Negara

Afghanistan Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages
Albania Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
Andorra Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects
Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian
Australia English 79%, native and other languages
Austria German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrain Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh Bangla (official), English
Barbados English
Belarus Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other
Belgium Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)
Belize English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages
Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese)
Bolivia Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Botswana English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001)
Brazil Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4%
Burkina Faso French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90%
Burundi Kirundi and French (official), Swahili
Cambodia Khmer 95% (official), French, English
Cameroon French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups
Canada English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5%
Cape Verde Portuguese, Criuolo
Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages
Chad French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects
Chile Spanish
China Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
Colombia Spanish
Comoros Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects
Costa Rica Spanish (official), English
Côte d'Ivoire French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.)
Croatia Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German)
Cuba Spanish
Cyprus Greek, Turkish (both official); English
Czech Republic Czech
Denmark Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language
Djibouti French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar
Dominica English (official) and French patois
Dominican Republic Spanish
East Timor Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak
Ecuador Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages
Egypt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Eritrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000)
Ethiopia Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others
Fiji English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Finland Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities
France French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
Gabon French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Gambia English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous
Georgia Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia)
Germany German
Ghana English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Greece Greek 99% (official), English, French
Grenada English (official), French patois
Guatemala Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guinea French (official), native tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani)
Guinea-Bissau Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages
Guyana English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti Creole and French (both official)
Honduras Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business
Hungary Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6%
Iceland Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
India Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects
Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects
Iran Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Ireland English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official)
Israel Hebrew (official), Arabic, English
Italy Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities
Jamaica English, Jamaican Creole
Japan Japanese
Jordan Arabic (official), English
Kazakhstan Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.)
Kenya English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages
Kiribati English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese)
Korea, North Korean
Korea, South Korean, English widely taught
Kuwait Arabic (official), English
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz, Russian (both official)
Laos Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages
Latvia Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000)
Lebanon Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages
Libya Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities
Liechtenstein German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001)
Luxembourg Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative)
Macedonia Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002)
Madagascar Malagasy and French (both official)
Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998)
Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia
Maldives Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials
Mali French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta Maltese and English (both official)
Marshall Islands Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese
Mauritania Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof
Mauritius English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000)
Mexico Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Micronesia English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldova Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco French (official), English, Italian, Monégasque
Mongolia Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999)
Montenegro Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect—official)
Morocco Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997)
Myanmar Burmese, minority languages
Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nauru Nauruan (official), English
Nepal Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001)
Netherlands Dutch, Frisian (both official)
New Zealand English, Maori (both official)
Nicaragua Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995)
Niger French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others
Norway Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities)
Oman Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8%
Palau Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000)
Palestinian State (proposed) Arabic, Hebrew, English
Panama Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual
Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%–2%; 715 indigenous languages
Paraguay Spanish, Guaraní (both official)
Peru Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages
Philippines Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Poland Polish 98% (2002)
Portugal Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
Qatar Arabic (official); English a common second language
Romania Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Russia Russian, others
Rwanda Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers
St. Kitts and Nevis English
St. Lucia English (official), French patois
St. Vincent and the Grenadines English, French patois
Samoa Samoan, English
San Marino Italian
São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia Arabic
Senegal French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
Seychelles Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002)
Sierra Leone English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca)
Singapore Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)
Slovakia Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001)
Slovenia Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002)
Solomon Islands English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages
Somalia Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian
South Africa IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001)
Spain Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)
Sri Lanka Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
Sudan Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
Suriname Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese
Swaziland English, siSwati (both official)
Sweden Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
Syria Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Taiwan Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tajikistan Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Tanzania Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages
Thailand Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Togo French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects
Tonga Tongan (an Austronesian language), English
Trinidad and Tobago English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)
Turkey Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian
Turkmenistan Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Tuvalu Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
United Arab Emirates Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic
United States English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
Uruguay Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero
Uzbekistan Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73%
Vatican City (Holy See) Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Venezuela Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Western Sahara (proposed state) Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Yemen Arabic
Zambia English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects

sources: factmonster

World Capitals

Afghanistan Kabul, 2,206,300
Albania Tirana, 353,400
Algeria Algiers, 3,917,000 (metro. area), 1,742,800 (city proper)
Andorra Andorra la Vella, 23,000
Angola Luanda, 2,297,200
Antigua and Barbuda St. John's, 23,500
Argentina Buenos Aires, 13,349,000 (metro. area), 2,768,772 (city proper)
Armenia Yerevan, 1,462,700 (metro. area), 1,267,600 (city proper)
Australia Canberra, 327,700
Austria Vienna, 2,041,300 (metro area), 1,523,600 (city proper)
Azerbaijan Baku, 2,118,600 (metro area), 1,235,400 (city proper), a port on the Caspian Sea
Bahamas Nassau, 222,200
Bahrain Al-Manámah, 527,000 (metro area), 149,900 (city proper)
Bangladesh Dhaka, 12,560,000 (metro.area), 5,378,023 (city proper)
Barbados Bridgetown, 98,900
Belarus Mensk (Minsk), 1,769,500
Belgium Brussels, 1,750,600 (metro area), 981,200 (city proper)
Belize Belmopan, 8,700
Benin Porto-Novo (official), 231,600; Largest city and seat of government: Cotonou 734,600
Bhutan Thimphu (official), 60,200
Bolivia Sucre, 204,200; Administrative capital: La Paz, 1,576,100 (metro. area), 830,500 (city proper)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo, 581,500 (unofficial)
Botswana Gaborone, 195,000
Brazil Brasília, 2,160,100
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan, 78,000
Bulgaria Sofia, 1,088,700
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou, 962,100
Burundi Bujumbura, 331,700
Cambodia Phnom Penh, 1,169,800
Cameroon Yaoundé, 1,395,200 (metro. area), 1,154,400 (city proper)
Canada Ottawa, Ontario, 1,142,700 (metro. area)
Cape Verde Praia, 99,400
Central African Republic Bangui, 810,000 (metro. area), 669,800 (city proper)
Chad N'Djamena, 609,600
Chile Santiago, 5,333,100 (metro. area), 4,372,800 (city proper)
China Beijing, 10,849,000 (metro. area), 8,689,000 (city proper)
Colombia Santafé de Bogotá, 7,594,000 (metro. area), 7,185,889 (city proper)
Comoros Moroni (on Grande Comoro), 60,200
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Kinshasa, 6,541,300
Congo, Republic of Brazzaville, 1,169,900
Costa Rica San José, 1,527,300 (metro. area), 337,200 (city proper)
Côte d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro (official), 185,600; Largest city and administrative center: Abidjan, 4,113,600 (metro. area), 3,427,500 (city proper)
Croatia Zagreb, 685,500
Cuba Havana, 2,686,000 (metro. area), 2,343,700 (city proper)
Cyprus Lefkosia (Nicosia) (in government-controlled area), 197,600
Czech Republic Prague, 1,378,700 (metro. area), 1,169,800 (city proper)
Denmark Copenhagen, 1,094,400
Djibouti Djibouti, 383,000
Dominica Roseau, 20,000
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo, 2,851,300 (metro. area), 2,252,400 (city proper)
East Timor Dili, 50,800
Ecuador Quito 1,780,700 (metro. area), 1,443,900 (city proper)
Egypt Cairo, 11,146,000 (metro. area), 7,629,866 (city proper)
El Salvador San Salvador, 1,791,700 (metro. area), 504,700 (city proper)
Equatorial Guinea Malabo, 92,900
Eritrea Asmara, 899,000 (metro. area), 400,000 (city proper)
Estonia Tallinn, 379,000
Ethiopia Addis Ababa, 2,716,200
Fiji Suva (on Viti Levu), 177,300
Finland Helsinki, 1,162,900 (metro. area), 582,600 (city proper)
France Paris, 9,854,000 (metro. area), 2,110,400 (city proper)
Gabon Libreville, 661,600
Gambia Banjul, 46,700
Georgia Tbilisi, 1,440,000 (metro. area), 1,240,200 (city proper)
Germany Berlin (capital since Oct. 3, 1990), 3,933,300 (metro. area), 3,274,500 (city proper)
Ghana Accra, 2,825,800 (metro. area), 1,661,400 (city proper)
Greece Athens, 3,247,000 (metro. area), 747,300 (city proper)
Grenada St. George's, 4,300
Guatemala Guatemala City, 2,655,900 (metro. area), 1,128,800 (city proper)
Guinea Conakry, 1,767,200
Guinea-Bissau Bissau, 296,900
Guyana Georgetown, 227,700
Haiti Port-au-Prince, 1,764,000 (metro. area), 1,119,000 (city proper)
Honduras Tegucigalpa, 1,436,000 (metro. area), 1,248,300 (city proper)
Hungary Budapest, 2,597,000 (metro. area), 1,769,500 (city proper)
Iceland Reykjavik, 184,200 (metro. area), 114,800 (city proper)
India New Delhi, 15,334,000 (metro. area), 9,817,439 (city proper)
Indonesia Jakarta, 13,194,000 (metro. area), 8,389,443 (city proper)
Iran Tehran, 7,796,257 (city proper)
Iraq Baghdad, 6,777,300 (metro. area), 5,772,000 (city proper)
Ireland Dublin, 1,018,500
Israel Jerusalem, 695,500 Note: Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the U.S., like nearly all other countries, maintains its embassy in Tel Aviv.
Italy Rome, 3,550,900 (metro. area), 2,455,600 (city proper)
Jamaica Kingston, 937,700 (metro. area), 590,500 (city proper)
Japan Tokyo, 35,327,000 (metro. area), 8,483,050 (city proper)
Jordan Amman, 2,677,500 (metro. area), 1,293,200
Kazakhstan Astana, 288,200 (formerly Aqmola; capital since 1997)
Kenya Nairobi, 3,064,800 (metro. area), 2,411,900 (city proper)
Kiribati Tarawa, 26,600
Korea, North Pyongyang, 3,222,000 (metro. area), 2,767,900
Korea, South Seoul, 10,287,847 (city proper)
Kuwait Kuwait, 1,709,800 (metro. area), 32,600 (city proper)
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek (formerly Frunze), 824,900
Laos Vientiane, 194,200
Latvia Riga, 867,700 (metro. area), 706,200 (city proper)
Lebanon Beirut, 1,916,100 (metro. area), 1,171,000 (city proper)
Lesotho Maseru 173,700
Liberia Monrovia, 1,348,900 (metro. area), 550,200 (city proper)
Libya Tripoli, 2,357,800 (metro. area), 1,269,700 (city proper)
Liechtenstein Vaduz, 5,300
Lithuania Vilnius, 543,500
Luxembourg Luxembourg, 78,800
Macedonia Skopje, 587,300 (metro. area), 452,500 (city proper)
Madagascar Antananarivo, 1,390,800
Malawi Lilongwe, 499,200
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, 3,688,200 (metro. area), 1,403,400
Maldives Malé, 81,600
Mali Bamako, 1,323,200 (metro. area), 935,400
Malta Valletta, 194,200 (metro. area) 6,900 (city proper)
Marshall Islands Majuro, 20,500
Mauritania Nouakchott, 661,400
Mauritius Port Louis, 577,200 (metro. area), 143,800 (city proper)
Mexico Mexico City, 19,013,000 (metro. area), 8,591,309 (city proper)
Micronesia Palikir 11,600
Moldova Chisinau, 772,500 (metro. area), 709,900 (city proper)
Monaco Monaco, 1,400
Mongolia Ulaan Baatar, 804,200
Montenegro Podgorica (administrative capital), 117,875; Cetinje (capital city), 14,700
Morocco Rabat, 1,636,600
Mozambique Maputo, 1,691,000 (metro. area), 1,114,000 (city proper)
Myanmar Rangoon (Yangon), 4,344,100
Namibia Windhoek, 221,000. Summer capital: Swakopmund, 26,200
Nauru Yaren, 4,900
Nepal Kathmandu, 1,203,100 (metro. area), 729,000 (city proper)
Netherlands Amsterdam (official), 737,900; The Hague (administrative capital), 465,900
New Zealand Wellington, 342,500 (metro. area), 165,100 (city proper)
Nicaragua Managua, 1,390,500 (metro. area), 1,146,000 (city proper)
Niger Niamey, 748,600
Nigeria Abuja, 590,400 (metro. area), 165,700 (city proper)
Norway Oslo, 791,500
Oman Muscat, 797,000 (metro. area), 54,800 (city proper)
Pakistan Islamabad, 601,600
Palau Koror, 11,100
Palestinian State (proposed) Undetermined
Panama Panama City, 1,053,500 (metro. area), 437,200 (city proper)
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby, 324,900
Paraguay Asunción, 1,482,200 (metro. area), 525,100
Peru Lima, 8,180,000 (metro. area), 7,029,928 (city proper)
Philippines Manila, 10,677,000 (metro. area), 1,581,082 (city proper)
Poland Warsaw, 2,201,900 (metro. area), 1,607,600 (city proper)
Portugal Lisbon, 2,618,100 (metro. area), 559,400
Qatar Doha, 550,700 (metro. area), 318,500 (city proper)
Romania Bucharest, 2,210,800 (metro. area), 1,906,800 (city proper)
Russia Moscow, 10,672,000 (metro. area), 10,101,500 (city proper)
Rwanda Kigali, 298,100
St. Kitts and Nevis Basseterre (on St. Kitts), 11,500
St. Lucia Castries, 60,300
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown, 17,600
Samoa Apia, 35,900
San Marino San Marino, 4,300
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé, 53,300
Saudi Arabia Riyadh, 3,724,100
Senegal Dakar, 2,476,400
Serbia Belgrade, 1,717,800 (metro. area), 1,285,200 (city proper)
Seychelles Victoria, 23,000
Sierra Leone Freetown, 1,051,000
Singapore Singapore, 3,438,600
Slovakia Bratislava, 428,800
Slovenia Ljubljana, 258,000
Solomon Islands Honiara (on Guadalcanal), 54,600
Somalia Mogadishu, 1,208,800
South Africa Pretoria, 1,541,300 (metro. area), 1,249,700 (city proper); Legislative capital and largest city: Cape Town, 3,140,600 (metro. area), 2,733,000 (city proper). Judicial capital: Bloemfontein, 378,000. No decision has been made to relocate the seat of government. South Africa is demarcated into nine provinces, consisting of the Gauteng, Northern Province, Mpumalanga, North West, KwaZulu/Natal, Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, and Free State. Each province has its own capital
Spain Madrid, 5,130,000 (metro. area), 3,169,400 (city proper)
Sri Lanka Colombo, 2,436,000 (metro. area), 656,100 (city proper). Legislative and judicial capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, 118,300
Sudan Khartoum, 5,717,300 (metro. area), 1,397,900 (city proper)
Suriname Paramaribo, 217,300
Swaziland Mbabane, 69,000; Royal and legislative capital: Lobamba, circa 5,000
Sweden Stockholm, 1,622,300 (metro. area), 1,251,900 (city proper)
Switzerland Bern, 122,700
Syria Damascus, 2,381,800 (metro. area), 1,861,900
Taiwan Taipei, 7,871,900 (metro. area), 2,722,600 (city proper)
Tajikistan Dushanbe, 817,100 (metro. area), 590,300 (city proper)
Tanzania Dodoma, 164,500. Largest city (2003 est.): Dar es Salaam, 2,489,800
Thailand Bangkok, 6,320,174 (city proper)
Togo Lomé, 749,700 (metro. area), 676,400 (city proper)
Tonga Nuku'alofa, 24,500
Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain, 263,800 (metro. area), 45,300 (city proper)
Tunisia Tunis, 1,660,300 (metro. area), 699,700 (city proper)
Turkey Ankara, 3,582,000 (metro. area), 3,456,100 (city proper)
Turkmenistan Ashgabat, 727,700
Tuvalu Funafuti, 5,300
Uganda Kampala, 1,461,600 (metro. area), 1,244,000 (city proper)
Ukraine Kyiv (Kiev), 3,296,100 (metro. area), 2,588,400 (city proper)
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi, 539,800
United Kingdom London, 7,615,000 (metro. area), 7,429,200 (city proper)
United States Washington, DC, 570,898
Uruguay Montevideo, 1,745,100 (metro. area), 1,347,600 (city proper)
Uzbekistan Tashkent, 3,457,500 (metro. area), 2,155,400 (city proper)
Vanuatu Port Vila, 35,300
Venezuela Caracas, 3,517,300 (metro. area), 1,741,400 (city proper)
Vietnam Hanoi, 2,543,700 (metro. area), 1,396,500 (city proper)
Western Sahara (proposed state) El Aaiun 198,200
Yemen Sanaá, 1,778,900
Zambia Lusaka, 1,773,300 (metro. area), 1,265,000 (city proper)
Zimbabwe Harare, 2,331,400 (metro. area), 1,919,700 (city proper)


sources: factsmonster

Interesting Facts (Part 3)

1. Cuba tengok zip seluar anda, tertera huruf YKK..YKK bermakna Yoshida Kogyo Kabushibibaisha iaitu sebuah kilang membuat zip terbesar di dunia yang menghasilkan zip yang korang pakai sekarang ni..

2. bunyi (kuek) yang dihasilkan oleh itik tidak bergema dan beralun. Sehingga kini kita tidak tahu mengapa.

3. Dengan sepotong coklat boleh membunuh anjing? benar!!Coklat mampu merosakkan sistem pernafasan dan jantung anjing. Dengan ounces yang banyak mampu membunuh seekor anjing bersaiz kecil.

4. Kebanyakan lipstick yang kita pakai sekarang ni mengandungi sisik ikan yang telah diproses.

5. Pada tahun 1830, ketchup (sos tomato) digunakan sebagai ubatan dan bukannya perasa tambahan pada makanan.

6. Tiada satu pun jam di Las Vegas gambling casinos. Dengan ketiadaan jam akan melekakan penjudi penjudi dengan taruhan mereka..

7. Kerana ketangkasan Bruce Lee..pengarah terpaksa memperlahankan sedikit filem yang diambil kerana terlampau laju dan pergerakan aksinya
tidak dapat ditangkap melalui lensa kamera. Sesuatu yang agak luar biasa dari orang lain.

8. Nama sebenar rama-rama (butterfly) ialah'flutterby'.

9. Mosquito repellents atau penghalau nyamuk tidak membunuh.Sensor nyamuk hanya dikaburi dan ini menyebabkan nyamuk tidak dapat mengesan di mana mangsa berada.

10. Pakar dan doktor gigi mengesyorkanberus gigi hendaklah diletakkan sekurang kurangnya 6 kaki jauh dari tandas utk menghalang kuman berterbangan ketiki anda menggunakan flush tandas.

11. Jika nombor 111,111,111 didarab 111,111,111 anda akan dpat jawapan 12345678987654321.

12. Warna biru adalah warna kesukaan 80 peratus rakyat Amerika.

13. Tanda (#) di keyboard komputer anda sebenarnya dinamakan 'octothorp'.

14. Adalah mustahil jika anda bersin tapa memejamkan mata.

15. Seekor lipas boleh hidup selama 10 hari tanpa kepala.

16. Jika dikangkangkan kaki dan baring secara telentang, kita tidak akan tenggelam di dalam pasir jerlus.

17. Nama yang paling banyak umumnya di dunia ini ialah Muhammad.

18. Di Eropah, kebanyakan wanita Eropah tidak memakai seluar dalam sehingga ke tahun 1900 barulah seluar dalam diperkenalkan.

19. Produk pertama menggunakan bar code adalah Wrigley's gum.

20. Mexico City tenggelam sedikit demi sedikit sekitar 10 inci setiap tahun.

21. Mengikut statik dalam kehidupan, ayam adalah haiwan yang paling banyak di dunia mengalahkan manusia, kerana cara pembiakan yang berleluasa dan senang dibiakkan untuk makanan.

22. Otak akan lebih aktif ketika tidur dari ketika anda menonton tv.

23. Terdapat banyak telefon di Washington D.C mengalahkan penduduk penduduknya.

24. Untuk melepaskan dari gigitan buaya, anda perlu mencucuk matanya menggunakan jari sekuat hati. Buaya akan melepas anda serta merta.

25. Jika sebutir kecil kismis dijatuhkan di dalam segelas champagne segar, kismis tersebut akan turun ke dasar gelas dan naik semula dan turun
kembali dan seterusnya seakan dilambung-lambung.

26. Leonardo da Vinci juga mencipta gunting dan beliau menghabiskan 10 tahun untuk menyiapkan lukisan agungnya iaitu Monalisa(10 tahun untuk
bahagian bibirnya sahaja)

27. 90% dari pembaca yang membaca info ini kebanyakannya tidak tahu tentang fakta yang telah diberikan. Keajaiban fakta fakta sebegini dapat
menarik minat pembaca untuk mengetahui dari atas kemusykilan minda kita.

“Ayuh bersatu singkir pemimpin yang bawa celaka” Mahathir

KL: Mantan perdana menteri Malaysia, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, sekali lagi mengulangi gesaannya kepada anggota Umno supaya bersatu dan ‘menyingkir pemimpin yang telah bawa kecelakaan kepada parti dan negara’.

Gesaan itu seolah-olah ditujukan kepada Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, sambil merujuk kepada prestasi Umno yang mengecewakan dalam pilihan raya Mac lalu.

Ini sedang cawangan-cawangan Umno di seluruh Malaysia bersiap sedia untuk mengadakan pemilihan pemimpinnya tidak lama lagi.‘Umno hari ini tidak lagi berjuang untuk bangsa, agama dan tanah air.

‘Ia berjuang untuk pengekalan kuasa dan kesejahteraan Presidennya. Perpaduan yang dituntut hanya untuk menyokong Presiden,’ kata Dr Mahathir.

‘Ini baik jika Presiden dapat membawa parti dan negara ke arah kejayaan dan kebaikan. Tetapi apa yang dilihat ialah keburukan dan kehinaan bagi parti dan negara.

‘Dibawah kepimpinan Presiden ini Umno dan Barisan Nasional (BN) telah kalah teruk dalam Pilihan Raya Umum 2008,’ tambahnya.

Dr Mahathir berkata demikian dalam ulasan terbarunya dalam bahasa Melayu, yang diisarkan di blognya, www.chedet.com, semalam dengan tajuk ‘Perpaduan’.

Menurutnya, perpaduan dalam Umno ’sudah berkecai’, parti-parti komponennya juga kalah di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Umno tidak lagi dianggap relevan di kalangan generasi muda di negara itu.

‘Negara Malaysia tidak lagi dianggap sebagai negara contoh oleh negara-negara membangun lain. Wilayah milik negara telah terlepas ke tangan negara kecil di selatan… Ekonomi negara kucar-kacir sehingga pelabur Malaysia pun tidak ingin melabur di Malaysia,’ kata beliau.

‘Jika kita harus ada perpaduan, ianya hendaklah dengan tujuan memulih semula maruah dan kejayaan bangsa dan negara. Tidak ada sebab yang kepimpinan yang ada sekarang harus diperkuatkan dengan perpaduan di belakangnya,’ tegasnya.

http://klpos.com

Beautiful Boxer (2004)





Based on the true story of Thailand's famed transgender kickboxer, Beautiful Boxer is a poignant action drama that punches straight into the heart and mind of a boy who fights like a man so he can become a woman.



Believing he's a girl trapped in a boy's body since childhood, Parinya Charoenphol (affectionately known as Nong Toom in Thailand) sets out to master the most masculine and lethal sport of Muay Thai (Thai boxing) to earn a living and to achieve his ultimate goal of total femininity. Touching, funny and packed with breathtaking Thai kickboxing sequences, Beautiful Boxer traces Nong Toom's childhood, teenage life as a traveling monk and grueling days in boxing camps. Shot in 9 provinces across Thailand and in Tokyo, the film also features a series of explosive matches where Nong Toom knocks out most of his opponents in Thailand and Japan.



Directed and produced by Ekachai Uekrongtham, the film stars Asanee Suwan, a real-life kickboxing champ as Nong Toom. The role earned him the 2004 Supannahongsa Award (Thailand's equivalent to the Oscar) for Best Actor. Beautiful Boxer also features compelling performances by Thailand's award-winning actor Sorapong Chatree in the role of Nong Toom's coach and former Miss Thailand
Orn-Anong Panyawong as Nong Toom's mother.



Kyoko Inoue, one of Japan's top female wrestlers plays herself in the film. She has fought with Nong Toom in real life back in 1988. That historical match was reenacted for the film in a dramatic sequence shot at Toyko Dome. Nearly all of Nong Toom's opponents in the film are also professional kickboxers in real life.



Beautiful Boxer has been officially selected for the Panorama Section of the 2004 Berlin International Film Festival. It’s the only Thai film in the 2004 Panorama.


Ulasan Filem : Beautiful Boxer (2004)

Beautiful Boxer Oleh Fadz

"Si Perawan Peninju"

"Lebih tebal mekap aku, lebih kuat terajang tumbuk lawan aku pada aku. Dan kerana itu, aku jadi lebih kuat membalas tumbukan mereka". - Nong Toom

Tiba-tiba filem begini masuk ke pawagam Malaysia. Malaysia mungkin sudah mula mahu membuka pintunya. Kill Bill 2 yang aku akan tontoni esok malam (haha, camne nak ulangkaji ni) adalah sebuah contoh. Tetapi dengan kemasukan filem ini (tidak bermakna kemasukan Iron Ladies untuk tahun lepas tidak dikira), aku agak gembira kerana kita sudah faham dan sedar, filem adalah filem, filem adalah pelbagai budaya dan kita harus terbuka dengan kepelbagaian ini, walaupun ia sebuah cerita seorang lelaki yang ingin menukar jantina pemberian Tuhannya.

Beautiful Boxer adalah cerita tentang riwayat sebenar seorang jaguh peninju tomoi di Thailand, seorang mak nyah yang ingin menukar dirinya menjadi seorang wanita 'sejati' dengan terpaksa bertomoi untuk mendapatkan cita-cita itu. Walaupun filem ini 'simple' dan beberapa detik filem ini agak lembap dan elemen melodrama dimainkan dalam babak-babak tertentu, filem ini bukan sebarang filem yang sama seperti Rocky atau Karate Kid. Filem ini lebih dekat pada Raging Bulls (penonjolan budaya tomoi dan orang Siam, persoalan psikologi Toom dan kecelaruan kemahuannya) dan semangat 'kalau Tootsie benar-benar mahu jadi seorang perempuan'.

Permulaan filem ini agak pantas dan bertenaga (juga pertunjukan 'girl power') apabila seorang wartawan dibuli di sebuah pasar seakan Petaling Street ditolong oleh Toom (si jaguh itu, lakonan amat berkesan oleh pelakon siamnya..amat-amat mengejutkan kerana dia boleh bertindak lembut pada satu ketika dan tiba-tiba jantan habis di tengah gelanggang!) dengan tendang dan terjang yang membuat filem-filem aksi Hong Kong pun kalah (sememangnya aku sedar, dengan Nang Nak, Suryothai, Moonkrit, 69, Ong Bak, filem-filem Thai lebih hebat dari filem-filem Malaysia).

Ini adalah semangat filem ini, seorang watak yang mungkin bukan mudah untuk didekati tapi mencuba untuk mendekati kita agar mengenalinya dan menyayanginya. Ini dibuat secara beransur dengan temuramah yang berlaku antara wartawan yang ditolong itu dengan Toom, yang mana Toom menceritakan riwayat hidupnya, dari mula dia berasa 'cantik' hinggalah perlawanannya di Tokyo (yang membuat sesetengah rakyat Thailand membencinya kerna membuat malu. Tomoi seakan Sumo Jepun, ia adalah sukan 'sacred' bagi orang Thailand yang mana 'hanya lelaki' yang dibenarkan bertanding).

Filem ini penuh peluh, darah dan lip gloss. Juktaposisi ini menggegarkan, menyentuh sekaligus menyeronokkan. Filem ini juga agak dekat dengan mak nyah di Malaysia dan Asia (yang mana Bukak Api juga telah melakukannya) yang mana ia menonjolkan taboo dalam konsensus masyarakat Asia pada budaya mak nyah (walaupun di Thailand) dan bagaimana golongan-golongan ini berdepan dengan taboo-taboo ini. Toom yang mulanya pemalu, selalu rasa berdosa (dia berasa dia 'ingin' begitu kerana karmanya; mengikut ajaran Buddha, dia melakukan sesuatu yang sangat berdosa dalam kehidupan sebelumnya) dan tiada semangat tiba-tiba menjadi tekun, tegas, 'lelaki' dan akhirnya berdepan dengan dirinya yang sudah lama mempersoal : apa keinginan sebenar dalam dirinya. Ini dibuat dengan penuh teliti oleh pengarahnya, dengan suntingan yang mantap, laju dan cepat bertukar babak. Tak sedar filem ini berjalan dua jam lamanya. Akhirnya juga amat penuh dengan elemen pathos dan kemartabatan.

Ada satu babak yang amat menyentuh perasaan aku. Walaupun ia kecil, ia amat bermakna. Ini adalah sewaktu Toom mencium dengan bibir lipstiknya pada para lawannya yang sudah tumbang. Maka ditonjolkan di sini bagaimana orang melihat perkara ini sebagai satu 'sindiran' pada lelaki biasa. Yang sebenarnya dalam jiwa Toom (yang disuarakan dalam Voice Over), Toom ingin meminta maaf terhadap si lawan, kerana dia tidak pernah mahu menyakitkan sesiapa.

Filem ini mungkin tidak sesuai untuk sebilangan penonton, juga boleh membuat mereka mempersoalkan kenapa filem ini berani ditayangkan (kerana filem ini berani berdiri dan berkata bangga: saya ada hak untuk hidup sebagai seorang mak nyah) berdasarkan semangat dan pekikan yang filem ini ingin laungkan. Mungkin Toom yang mempunyai jawapan terbaik apabila dia memberitahu di akhir filem ini: "Mahu jadi seorang lelaki memang susah, seorang perempuan pun susah. Hanya jangan kau lupa asal usulmu."

Antara filem 'gem' yang patut ditonton. Mata anda akan 'terbuka luas' selepas menontonnya.

29 July 2004
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